Caddoan languages Totally Explained

Everything about The Caddoan Languages totally explained

The Caddoan languages are a family of Native American languages. They are spoken across the Great Plains of the central United States, from North Dakota to Oklahoma.

Family division

Five languages belong to the Caddoan language family:
I. Northern Caddoan ť A. Pawnee-Kitsai

   : a. Kitsai ť :: 1. Kitsai (also known as Kichai) (†)

   : b. Pawnee ť :: 2. Arikara (also known as Ree)

   :: 3. Pawnee (dialects: South Bend, Skiri (also known as Skidi or Wolf)) ť B. Wichita

   :: 4. Wichita (dialects: Wichita proper, Waco, Towakoni) II. Southern Caddoan ť :: 5. Caddo (dialects: Kadohadacho, Hasinai, Natchitoches, Yatasi)

The Kitsai language is now extinct, its members having been absorbed into the Witchita tribe in the 19th century. Caddo, Wichita, and Pawnee are presently spoken in Oklahoma by small handfuls of elders. Arikara is spoken on the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota. Some of the languages were formerly more widespread; the Caddo, for example, used to live in northeastern Texas, southwestern Arkansas, and northwestern Louisiana as well as southeastern Oklahoma. The Pawnee formerly lived along the Platte River in what is now Nebraska.

Genetic relations

Adai, a language isolate known only from a 275-word list, may be a Caddoan language, but the documentation is too scanty to determine with certainty. Wallace Chafe finds the relationship unlikely.
It has been proposed that Caddoan is related to Keresan or a part of a Macro-Siouan stock (along with Siouan and Iroquoian). The Keresan-Caddoan connection is now mostly rejected. Caddoan as part of Macro-Siouan is a possibility, but more research is required to determine the validity of this proposal.

Further Information

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